SUBJUNTIVO, SUS TIEMPOS Y SIGNIFICADOS
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Spanish_verbs
Subjunctive
The subjunctive mood expresses the speaker’s opinion, wish, doubt, emotion, or judgement about the unlikelihood of a hypothetical event.
Simple tenses
Present Subjunctive (presente de subjuntivo), e.g.: hable (“I speak”)
Imperfect Subjunctive (imperfecto de subjuntivo) (-ra form), e.g.: hablara (“I used to speak, I was speaking”)
Imperfect Subjunctive (imperfecto de subjuntivo) (-se form), e.g.: hablase (“I used to speak, I was speaking”)
Future Subjunctive (futuro de subjuntivo), e.g.: hablare (“I shall speak”)
Perfect forms
Present Perfect Subjunctive (pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo), e.g.: haya hablado (“I have spoken, I spoke”)
Pluperfect Subjunctive (pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo) (-ra form), e.g.: hubiera hablado (“I had spoken, I spoke”)
Pluperfect Subjunctive (pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo) (-se form), e.g.: hubiese hablado (“I had spoken, I spoke”)
Future Perfect Subjunctive (futuro compuesto del subjuntivo), e.g.: hubiere hablado (“I shall have spoken”)
Continuous forms
Present Subjunctive Continuous (presente de subjuntivo continuo), e.g.: esté hablando (“I am speaking”)
Imperfect Subjunctive Continuous (imperfecto de subjuntivo continuo) (-ra form), e.g.: estuviera hablando (“I was speaking, I would be speaking”)
Imperfect Subjunctive Continuous (imperfecto de subjuntivo continuo) (-se form), e.g.: estuviese hablando (“I was speaking, I would be speaking”)
Future Subjunctive Continuous (futuro de subjuntivo continuo), e.g.: estuviere hablando (“I shall/will be speaking”)
Present Perfect Subjunctive Continuous pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo continuo), e.g.: haya estado hablando (“I have been speaking”)
Pluperfect Subjunctive Continuous (pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo continuo) (-ra form), e.g.: hubiera estado hablando (“I had been speaking”)
Pluperfect Subjunctive Continuous (pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo continuo) (-se form), e.g.: hubiese estado hablando (“I had been speaking”)
Future Perfect Subjunctive Continuous (futuro compuesto de subjuntivo continuo), e.g.: hubiere estado hablando (“I shall/will have been speaking”)
Verb Tenses for Spanish 3
This packet is designed to help you review the tenses that you have learned so far. While all irregular information is not provided, you can refer to your verb packets if you need to practice or review the irregulars in a specific tense.
1. Present Tense: Used to talk about what is going on now! There are 3 sets of endings listed below and you drop the ar/er/ir before adding the endings. There are several stem changing verbs in this tense and you need to remember to change all forms except the nosotros. Also remember that escoger,recoger and dirigir all change the g to j in the YO form only.
ar endings er endings ir endings
| o amos | o emos | o imos |
| as xxxxxx | es xxxxxx | es xxxxx |
| a an | e en | e en |
2. The present progressive: This is a compound tense that uses Estar + ando / iendo instead of the regular present tense. There are several irregulars with ir being the most unusual. Ir = yendo. We use this tense to distinguish what is going on now versus what goes on.
Ej: Paco trabaja en Wegmans. Nieva en invierno.
Paco está trabajando en Wegmans. Está nevando hoy.
Ellos comen biftec. Paco sale a las tres.
Ellos están comiendo biftec. Paco está saliendo.
3. The subjuntive present tense: This tense is used when you hope/wish/want/tell or recommend that someone else do something. You do not control the outcome!
The verbs usually involved are: esperar querer decir recomendar
To form: Start with the present tense YO form, drop the O and add the opposite endings below!
ar endings er/ir endings
| e emos | a amos |
| es xxxx | as xxxx |
| e en | a an |
To be subjunctive there must be: 1. 2 different subjects
2. Connect the phrases with que
3. Ojála que is always followed by the subjunctive form.
Irregulars: SIDES Ser- sea Follow chart endings above for the rest of
Ir- vaya the forms.
Dar- dé
Estar- esté
Saber- sepa
The Past Tense Tenses
In Spanish, there are 2 past tenses. The preterite & the imperfect tenses. You must be careful to use the correct one.
4. The preterite: Used to talk about a completed action or event. You can see the beginning and / or end of
the event. There are many irregular verbs in this tense and you should check preterite
packets 1-2-3 to check the forms. There are also 5 verbs that change meaning when used
in this tense.
For preterite regular forms: drop the ar/er/ir and add the endings below
Ar endings-regulars er / ir endings-regulars Irregular endings
| é amos | í imos | e imos |
| aste xxxx | iste xxxx | iste xxxx |
| ó aron | ió ieron | o ieron |
These verbs change meaning: Preterite Imperfect
1. querer tried to wanted to
2. no querer refused to didn’t want to
3. poder managed to was able to
4. haber there was-an event there was-description
5. saber found out, learned knew facts/info.
6. conocer met for 1st time knew people/places/things
5. The imperfect: Used to talk about things in the past where there was no exact time. The
beginning and or end of the event is not clear. There was repetition or
description instead of an event. This tense is always used for time and age
and is usually used for weather unless a word like yesterday is used. It is also
used for expressions of the head and heart. Ej. I hated the game.
We loved the movie.
Drop the ar/er/ir ending and add the endings below. She was sick.
Ar endings Er / Ir endings
| aba ábamos | ía íamos |
| abas xxxxxx | ías xxxxx |
| aba aban | ía ían |
Imperfect Irregulars:
Ser ver ir
era éramos veía veíamos iba íbamos
eras xxxx veías xxxxxx ibas xxxxx
era eran veía veían iba iban
6. The imperfect with the progressive. Use estar in imperfect + present progressive forms.
I was reading. Yo Leía. or Yo estaba leyendo. They were studying. Ellos estudiaban. or Ellos estaban estudiando.
Review irregulars in present progressive packet!
7. The Future Tense: to discuss what will/shall happen. Used in place of ir + a + inf. Can also be
used for ‘wonder” as in I wonder what time it is? ¿Qué hora será?
Ellos llegarán esta noche. They will arrive tonight.
To form: Add endings below to infinitive-DO NOT DROP ENDINGS.
É EMOS Irregulars come in 3 categories:
ÁS XXXX ‘d’ no ‘e’ other
Á ÁN Poner- pondr saber- sabr hacer- har
Salir- saldr querer- querr decir- dir
Venir- vendr haber- habr
Valer- valdr poder- podr
Tener –tendr
8. The Conditional Tense: Used to tell what would happen. Use with pero not si ( if ) because if you
use it with si, you need to use past subjunctive and you do not know it yet!
I would go to the movie but I don’t have any money.
Yo iría al cine pero no tengo ningún dinero.
To form: Add endings below to infinitive-DO NOT DROP ENDINGS. SAME AS FUTURE!
ÍA ÍAMOS Irregulars come in 3 categories:
ÍAS XXXX ‘d’ no ‘e’ other
ÍÁ ÍAN Poner- pondr saber- sabr hacer- har
Salir- saldr querer- querr decir- dir
Venir- vendr haber- habr
Valer- valdr poder- podr
Tener –tendr
9. Present Perfect: A compound tense used to tell what someone has done.
Like the present progressive you have the helping verb ‘haber’
and the present perfect form of the verb.
Mi equipo ha ganado el torneo. My team has won.
Ellos han viajado a España. They have traveled to Spain
he hemos
has xxxxx + ado/ido ar verbs: drop ar and add ‘ado’
ha han er/ir verbs: drop er/ir and add ‘ido’
mandar- mandado
review packet for irregulars salir- salido
perder- perdido
Los Mandatos: Commands
Remember: There are 2 sets of commands. There are the tú commands that we use with our family and
friends. These can be used in the negative and affirmative and for only 1 person at a time.
Tú commands: Form by using the he/she form of the verb for affirmatives.
Limpia la casa.
Tira la basura.
Despiértate. For reflexives add ‘te’ to end.
The irregulars are: HIS TVS PD
hacer haz salir sal
ir ve poner pon
ser sé decir di
tener ten
venir ven
Negative Tú commands: are like the subjunctive. Start with yo form
of present tense and drop ‘o’. Add es to ar verbs
and as to er/ir verbs.
Hacer- No hagas la tarea.
Leer- No leas el libro.
Dormirse- No te duermas. For reflexives, add ‘te’ in front of verb.
Irregular Negative Tú commands: Same as subjunctive irregulars.
SIDES
ser- sea
Ir- vaya Dar- dé
Estar- esté
Saber- sepa
Formal Commands:
The other commands are the formal commands. We use these with strangers or anyone
that we would used Ud. with. We also use these to form Uds. commands for more than 1
person. These commands are easy- Use the subjunctive Ud. form for and Ud. command and use the Uds. subjunctive form for group commands. To make them negative commands, place a ‘ no ‘ in front of the verb.
Hablar No hable. No hablen Uds.
Perder No pierda. No pierdan Uds.
Dormirse No se duerma. No se duerman. Reflex. goes before verb. Use ‘se’ NOT ‘te’
Irregular Negative Ud./ Uds. commands: Same as subjunctive irregulars.
SIDES
ser- sea
Ir- vaya Estar- esté
Dar- dé Saber- sepa
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